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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网' H* ]- Q& P$ ~- h/ I/ _" N
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/ _1 o# G" |$ O8 y* M% O3 omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。$ g+ B, x/ k7 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 h2 |- e! ? U) u. ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 V4 W% g9 w. K9 F' T% W& d7 {: B* nmso-font-kerning:0pt">5! p+ S" q5 A3 E' w) m8 X! T1 y/ Z
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+ Y) }# J# K2 ]% m! lmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:3 `; q7 F$ p8 ^' C+ K$ B! S
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:" H: g$ K$ d2 d6 c( l J
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。3 |# ~% v- w- v3 Scolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( T8 f+ B$ ?1 e2 E$ [Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;5 S( S o* c/ }5 l" g( }; V
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:$ v: T; }# o7 y) Q1 ?+ g# D
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) T h8 t5 L R! S" h8 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?/ J8 Y" L. g8 C4 J' [6 G4 Y, X2 v
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& v7 K6 P0 \: B1 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。3 g, c5 v; ~0 j
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; F2 H3 }, o k1 W8 l& Y, gmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。( w/ I# F$ d Y' ~ t7 r- W1 g+ o
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:$ G5 R; a2 u, C) q. G* A- ?
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。/ I6 O( t; D& B* ~: V10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' E: @% O) `( v5 }. x x
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$ c* ?; A2 g2 J; t0 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:- A& j6 a- K- [7 ]* {/ ^, k( ^0pt">"' C- ~. i4 Q- X5 a) t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。/ J8 l" i6 ~; ~1 c* `$ h6 u0 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">", p9 h( Z& K, C; e0 K% _8 J5 [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 e/ X% |9 x& b: J% _9 b: O& ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:- h+ P: M" f2 i( D0 n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢, B7 `% L9 H" K5 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:, D# Z9 l6 U* P& lmso-font-kerning:0pt">"# ^- b) n" w0 M8 v# S* o( a& Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* r1 j, Q: E: E9 H: T {' W. c
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。: Z) r) l+ T: p0 F+ B2 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是1 f# O8 [+ @$ |10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ Q: z+ q( z( N# C$ [3 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 W) c( V$ \+ Z. P# ^ rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违" N! b2 J7 R+ j% }# N7 C4 U
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( k! T" W3 D' j, \; r8 E9 I; fmso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得$ c7 l5 K* S' y, e' m, ^4 ]; z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲) B4 G" R4 r8 emso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 i, [! v! w; ]" g
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6 q) ]2 E6 @* z, ]) Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违. d; L5 C4 x1 g# V2 ]' Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! P! U& ]9 z4 H7 y6 i& W
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" d U3 |* m: b" A+ l7 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,/ T, X, R: ^4 ~3 n! zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 z1 e6 q4 P, i- f0 u8 h% Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( N5 E5 x: |. ^
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。' \7 A( B5 c5 v, d# \# E# \9 j* [mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ K) O4 C3 I3 V) B% k
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- t" N3 i5 q9 w) o: A# b* S3 H! `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。; ?2 n" T- L$ d6 M6 q/ ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:为什么说以礼事亲才是孝?! S/ w' X. X+ b" J" c) x' T10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。8 a; i9 ?) r, ?5 {: Z: Q4 x9 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义4 v4 S( ]$ w: u) m3 R8 J
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+ M9 ^, O( W9 FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!( d& B) ~( | G+ ?( H+ u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。! j: [& Y, x" z/ {+ d: m: i, O& vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 } g6 @% G" G% CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老,昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述8 H4 d& n! Y% w, { H
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: P/ A) q" E; t( l8 x7 g! Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊% u, l1 N! C, m1 R) k. | hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。7 V0 o1 w; B$ e
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1 v/ e! p V p4 ]* |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。% B5 V2 h0 z: z$ ^. R. S" T( \mso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 |: t2 a4 K( S- a1 T
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- N' r. ?) b7 L; D( R w) Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。7 o. c4 }% H$ A0 m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:: { p1 b. h" H' Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 u( U. V) o: ~
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5 J3 e, \0 p& tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。5 c& b/ P$ K k/ l! nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ w0 Y- Y k2 q0 U
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3 u# q h$ Q ]2 K G. i+ J/ j" {! E6 U1 Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个7 N9 q' m% W9 G# G/ tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 b3 _- a) ^* w/ l% Y' j6 q
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W+ r3 y( l) j" Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬# x; E6 r9 H7 X+ q' [mso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 \* v, J: u6 Q9 _
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5 e% j/ f9 j3 i5 O" T( Q- B/ B+ _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为; M! Y5 P% d3 ~% @ ^ \& K1 j: V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。, [8 m3 g7 n5 @' }5 e8 K) Q
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4 L* H5 c" u/ `$ b( yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯,这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从,陷亲不义,一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的* C1 M& y2 K7 U/ o. fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" I9 D9 ~, x0 ]7 u9 v1 @6 Q8 z
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3 z) K/ k2 C0 _1 d/ v. H: N$ Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思# Q( T: V. y: M6 I5 O
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